[Radiological examination of the temporo-mandibular joint. Basic principles (author's transl)].

Area of Science:

• Radiology
• Orthodontics
• Anatomy

Background:

• Radiological examination of the temporo-mandibular joint (TMJ) presents significant technical difficulties.
• Standard X-ray techniques often provide inadequate visualization of TMJ structures.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate advanced radiological techniques for improved temporo-mandibular joint imaging.
• To identify optimal methods for visualizing TMJ anatomy and pathology.

Main Methods:

• Selective tomography (sagittal, frontal, axial) guided by Hirtz position films to determine condylar axis.
• Arthrography for defining joint surfaces not visible on plain films.
• Radiocinematography was noted as a less utilized technique.

Main Results:

• Selective tomography, particularly after determining condylar axis, is preferred over standard views.
• Arthrography can successfully delineate joint contours missed by conventional radiography.
• Radiocinematography is infrequently employed.

Conclusions:

• Advanced imaging techniques like selective tomography and arthrography are crucial for accurate temporo-mandibular joint assessment.
• Standard radiological views are insufficient for comprehensive TMJ evaluation.
• Proper patient positioning and technique selection are key to overcoming imaging challenges.