Microencapsulation and dissolution parameters of undecenovanillylamide: a potential coyote deterrent

Area of Science:

• Agricultural Science
• Materials Science
• Veterinary Science

Background:

• Undecenovanillylamide (I) is effective in protecting sheep from coyotes but is economically unfeasible due to its short duration of action.
• Developing methods to prolong the efficacy of protective agents is crucial for livestock management.
• Microencapsulation offers a potential strategy to enhance the longevity of active compounds.

Purpose of the Study:

• To optimize the microencapsulation of undecenovanillylamide (I) for improved duration of action.
• To characterize the dissolution profiles of encapsulated and unencapsulated undecenovanillylamide.
• To evaluate the potential of microencapsulated I as a viable coyote-aversive agent for sheep.

Main Methods:

• Complex coacervation was employed to prepare undecenovanillylamide (I) microcapsules.
• Microcapsules were hardened for varying durations (0.5, 1, and 2 hours).
• Dissolution rates of both microencapsulated and unencapsulated undecenovanillylamide were characterized, focusing on the time for 50% dissolution (t50).

Main Results:

• Optimal conditions for complex coacervation encapsulation were determined.
• Longer microcapsule hardening times resulted in significantly slower undecenovanillylamide release rates.
• Dissolution t50 values increased with hardening time, from <3 min for powder to 28 min for 120-min hardened microcapsules.

Conclusions:

• Microencapsulation significantly extends the release time of undecenovanillylamide compared to its powder form.
• The extended field life of encapsulated undecenovanillylamide suggests it could be an economically and ecologically sound solution for coyote protection.
• Further research into field application and efficacy is warranted to confirm its viability.