Toxicity of Secalonic acid D

Area of Science:

• Toxicology
• Pharmacology
• Mycotoxin Research

Background:

• Secalonic acid D is a mycotoxin produced by fungi, with potential health implications.
• Understanding its toxicity is crucial for risk assessment and public health.

Purpose of the Study:

• To comprehensively evaluate the toxicity of secalonic acid D using various endpoints.
• To determine lethal dose 50 (LD50) values across different administration routes and animal models.
• To investigate histopathological effects and cumulative toxicity.

Main Methods:

• Determined intraperitoneal (ip) and intravenous (iv) LD50 values in CD-1 mice and Sprague-Dawley rats.
• Assessed oral LD50 values in mice and rats.
• Monitored growth retardation and performed histopathological examinations of affected organs.
• Investigated cumulative toxicity through repeated sublethal dosing.

Main Results:

• IP LD50 values ranged from 27-37 mg/kg in mice and 52 mg/kg in female CD-1 mice.
• IV LD50 was 25 mg/kg in male CD-1 mice; oral LD50 was 400 mg/kg in male CD-1 mice and varied in rats.
• IP administration caused pulmonary atelectasis, peritonitis, and hepatic necrosis; IV administration led to hepatic portal necrosis.
• Cumulative toxicity was observed with repeated sublethal IP doses, with an LD50 of 11.5 mg/kg.

Conclusions:

• Secalonic acid D is acutely toxic, with significant variations in LD50 based on administration route and animal model.
• Histopathological findings indicate multi-organ effects, including pulmonary and hepatic damage.
• Cumulative toxicity highlights the risk associated with repeated exposure to even sublethal doses.