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Related Experiment Videos

A collaborative study of heparins from different sources.

D R Bangham, P M Woodward

    Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    |January 1, 1970
    PubMed
    Summary

    Heparin sourced from animal intestines shows varied biological activity compared to lung-derived heparin. International collaborative studies highlight assay method inconsistencies, suggesting multiple substrate batches for accurate heparin potency assessment.

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    Area of Science:

    • Pharmacology and Toxicology
    • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
    • Medicinal Chemistry

    Background:

    • Historically, heparin was derived from ox lungs, considered a homogeneous polymer with consistent biological activity.
    • Current industrial heparin production primarily utilizes intestinal mucosa from various animal species (hog, sheep, ox).
    • Intestinal mucosa-derived heparin exhibits higher specific biological activity and is recognized as a mixture of components with diverse characteristics.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate discrepancies in heparin bioassays arising from different sources (lung vs. intestinal mucosa) and assay methodologies.
    • To address potential issues in commerce, national control, and clinical use due to inconsistent heparin potency estimates.
    • To evaluate the reliability of current pharmacopoeial assay methods for heparin.

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    Main Methods:

    • An international collaborative study was conducted involving bioassays of heparin preparations from hog, sheep, and ox intestinal mucosa.
    • These preparations were assayed against the established International Standard for Heparin (from ox lung, 1958).
    • Two of the tested heparin preparations served as national standards.

    Main Results:

    • Differences were observed in the estimated relative potencies between lung- and mucosal-origin heparins.
    • These differences were not consistently significant enough to mandate separate international standards for each heparin source.
    • Assay imprecision may have masked true heterogeneity between heparin preparations; significant variability (40%-50%) was noted between laboratories and substrate batches.

    Conclusions:

    • Current heparin bioassay methods, developed decades ago, are considered unsatisfactory in light of modern understanding of blood clotting mechanisms.
    • It is recommended that biological activity estimates for heparin preparations be based on multiple independent assays using varied substrate batches.
    • Further research into heparin's mechanism of action is crucial for developing improved and more reliable assay methods.