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Summary
Patients with renal insufficiency exhibit suppressed cellular and humoral immunity. Complex mechanisms like lymphopenia and toxic serum factors contribute to this natural immunosuppression, though their exact roles remain unclear.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Nephrology
- Transplantation
Background:
- Clinical and experimental evidence indicates immune suppression in renal insufficiency.
- Uremia is associated with impaired immune responses, affecting both cellular and humoral immunity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the evidence for immune suppression in renal insufficiency.
- To discuss potential underlying mechanisms of this immunosuppression.
Main Methods:
- Review of clinical and experimental data.
- Analysis of studies on organ transplantation, lymphocyte function, hypersensitivity reactions, and immune responses in uremic patients.
Main Results:
- Renal insufficiency is linked to suppressed cellular and humoral immunity.
- Observed changes include lymphopenia, thymus atrophy, toxic serum factors, and lymphocyte metabolic defects.
Conclusions:
- The mechanisms of immune suppression in renal insufficiency are complex and multifactorial.
- While several factors are implicated, their precise contribution to "natural immunosuppression" in uremia requires further investigation.