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Related Experiment Videos

Interference in a radioimmunoassay for human thyrotropin.

C A Spencer, G S Challand

    Clinical Chemistry
    |March 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary

    Radioimmunoassay can yield inaccurate thyrotropin (TSH) results due to a cross-reactive substance in some patients' serum. This substance, distinct from TSH, affects porcine antiserum assays but not human ones.

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    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Clinical Chemistry
    • Immunology

    Background:

    • Radioimmunoassay (RIA) is a common method for measuring plasma thyrotropin (TSH).
    • Discrepancies in TSH measurements can occur, impacting diagnosis of thyroid disorders.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • Investigate the cause of abnormally high plasma thyrotropin values observed with a specific RIA method.
    • Characterize a substance interfering with TSH immunoassays.

    Main Methods:

    • Radioimmunoassay using antisera to porcine and human thyrotropin.
    • Gel filtration chromatography to determine molecular weight.
    • Assessment of substance stability and independence from tracer preparation.

    Main Results:

    • Abnormally high TSH values were detected using porcine antiserum but not human antiserum.
    • A stable serum substance, independent of tracer, cross-reacts with porcine antiserum.
    • This substance has an apparent molecular weight of 114,000, significantly larger than TSH (34,700-38,000).
    • The substance is present in subjects without thyroid dysfunction and occasionally in hyperthyroid patients.

    Conclusions:

    • A non-TSH serum constituent can interfere with porcine thyrotropin immunoassays.
    • This interference can lead to falsely elevated TSH levels, potentially misdiagnosing thyroid conditions.
    • The substance's chemical nature is unidentified, but it is likely a normal serum component present in higher concentrations in some individuals.

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