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Mutagenicity and inducibility of DNA single-strand breaks and chromosome aberrations by various mycotoxins
Abstract:
Mutagenicity of various mycotoxins and the efficiency of mutagenic mycotoxins in producing DNA single-strand breaks and chromosome aberrations were examined using a mammalian cell line. It was found that aflatoxin-B1, mycophenolic acid, patulin, penicillic acid, and sterigmatocystin induced 8-azaguanine-resistant mutations. Aflatoxin-B1, mycophenolic acid, and sterigmatocystin had little effect on DNA single-strand at high concentrations. In the treatment with patulin and penicillic acid, severe breaks were found at higher concentration than at the concentration where the mutation was induced. Incidence of chromosome aberrations by the treatment with these mycotoxins correlated fairly well with their mutagenic activity. Chaetoglobosin-B, fusarenon-X, (--)luteoskyrin, and ochratoxin-A did not induce 8-azaguanine-resistant mutation.
Insights
Certain mycotoxins cause mutations and DNA damage in mammalian cells. Aflatoxin-B1, mycophenolic acid, patulin, penicillic acid, and sterigmatocystin are mutagenic, while others are not.
Area of Science:
- Toxicology
- Genetics
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by fungi.
- Some mycotoxins are known mutagens and carcinogens.
- Understanding the genotoxic mechanisms of mycotoxins is crucial for risk assessment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the mutagenicity of various mycotoxins.
- To assess the efficiency of mutagenic mycotoxins in inducing DNA single-strand breaks and chromosome aberrations.
- To correlate mutagenic activity with genotoxic effects.
Main Methods:
- A mammalian cell line was used for mutagenicity assays.
- Cells were treated with different mycotoxins at various concentrations.
- Mutagenic effects were assessed by 8-azaguanine resistance.
- DNA single-strand breaks and chromosome aberrations were quantified.
Main Results:
- Aflatoxin-B1, mycophenolic acid, patulin, penicillic acid, and sterigmatocystin induced 8-azaguanine-resistant mutations.
- Aflatoxin-B1, mycophenolic acid, and sterigmatocystin showed minimal DNA single-strand breaks at high concentrations.
- Patulin and penicillic acid induced severe DNA single-strand breaks at concentrations higher than those causing mutations.
- Chromosome aberrations correlated well with mutagenic activity.
- Chaetoglobosin-B, fusarenon-X, luteoskyrin, and ochratoxin-A did not induce mutations.
Conclusions:
- Mycotoxins exhibit varying degrees of mutagenicity and genotoxicity.
- The induction of DNA damage and chromosome aberrations is linked to the mutagenic potential of mycotoxins.
- Specific mycotoxins like patulin and penicillic acid demonstrate clear genotoxic effects, while others do not induce mutations.