Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 9, 2026

17:41
Mass Production of Genetically Modified Aedes aegypti for Field Releases in Brazil
Published on: January 4, 2014
Male pseudohermaphrodite reared as a female
The Medical Journal of Australia
|July 28, 1979
Summary
This case study details a 31-year-old male pseudohermaphrodite raised as female, who underwent surgical and hormonal treatments for ambiguous genitalia and masculinization. The 46XY individual developed female secondary sex characteristics following estrogen therapy.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Genetics
- Pediatric Surgery
Background:
- A 31-year-old male pseudohermaphrodite was raised as female, with parents concealing ambiguous genitalia.
- Teenage years marked by significant masculinization, prompting medical intervention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To document the clinical presentation and management of a rare case of male pseudohermaphroditism.
- To describe the surgical and hormonal interventions for gender affirmation in a 46XY individual with intersex traits.
Main Methods:
- Chromosome analysis of peripheral blood and gonadal tissue confirmed a 46XY karyotype.
- Surgical reconstruction involved phallus amputation, creation of a phenotypic female external genitalia, and vaginal enlargement.
- Hormonal therapy with estrogen was administered to induce female secondary sex characteristics.
Main Results:
- Internal gonads identified as testes with surrounding ovarian stroma.
- A rudimentary cervix and small vagina were present, with urethral opening in a valve-like manner.
- Estrogen therapy successfully induced breast development, aligning with phenotypic female characteristics.
Conclusions:
- This case highlights the complexities of managing male pseudohermaphroditism, particularly in individuals raised with a different gender identity.
- Multidisciplinary management, including surgery and hormone therapy, can facilitate gender affirmation and improve quality of life.
Related Concept Videos
Understanding Species and Reproductive Barriers
A species is a group of organisms that interbreed and produce fertile offspring. Typically, individuals of the same species appear similar and share common characteristics due to their highly similar genomes. However, not all organisms that look alike are members of the same species. Various mechanisms keep most species discrete. While some mechanisms prevent reproductive behavior and fertilization (pre-zygotic isolation), others prevent the production of fertile offspring after mating has...
Background and Environment Affect Phenotype
Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes
In most organisms, sex is determined by the ratio of X and Y chromosomes. However, in some organisms, such as Drosophila and C.elegans, sex is determined by the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of sets of autosomes. The Y chromosome in Drosophila is active but does not determine sex. It contains genes responsible for the production of sperms in adult flies.
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female Drosophila...
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female Drosophila...

