Alveolar stability of altitude raised rats

On the lining of alveolar membrane of the lung presence of surfactant, a surface tension lowering agent which is a phospholipid in nature, is well established. A good correlation exists between pulmonary lecithin, the principle constituent of surfactant system and alveolar stability. The production of surface active material in the type II cells is oxygen dependent and is affected by hypoxia. The chemical and physical nature of the surfactant in the lungs of the rats raised at high altitude has been studied in comparison with that of sea level control. Eighteen male adult rats raised at high altitude (3520 m) were used. Phospholipids (Phosphatidyl Choline, Phosphatidyl ethanolamine, Lysophosphatidyl choline, Lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine and Sphingomyelin) were estimated by thin layer chromatography, stability index by Pattle's bubble technique and dynamic surface tension have also been studied to assess the surfactant activity of the lung. The results indicate that there was a decrease in lung surfactant as measured by chemical analysis. However, stability ratio measurements showed that there was very little change in the stability ratio (Sr) as the value of both groups lay in the normal range namely 0.6 to 0.9 hence the lungs of high altitude raised rats had normal alveolar stability. Surface tension values of alveolar lavage in altitude raised animals were also similar to those of normal rats. It is concluded that the rats raised at altitude show a lowering of surfactant as estimated chemically but the stability ratio is not significantly altered to indicate alveolar instability. In the altitude rats lesser quantum of surfactant is adequate to maintain alveolar stability.