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Pulmonary surface film stability and composition.

J N Hildebran, J Goerke, J A Clements

    Journal of Applied Physiology: Respiratory, Environmental and Exercise Physiology
    |September 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Pulmonary alveoli require low surface tension for stability. Lung surface-active material (SAM) is enriched in dipalmitoyl lecithin (DPPC) to maintain this, excluding other lipids during expiration.

    Area of Science:

    • Pulmonary physiology
    • Biophysics
    • Surface chemistry

    Background:

    • Alveolar stability depends on low surface tension (<10 mN/m).
    • The lung surface film must sustain low tension at fixed lung volumes.
    • Understanding the composition of the alveolar surface film is crucial for respiratory mechanics.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To measure monolayer collapse rates of lung surface-active material (SAM) and its components.
    • To compare these rates with alveolar monolayer collapse rates derived from lung compliance data.
    • To determine the composition of the alveolar surface film, specifically the proportion of dipalmitoyl lecithin (DPPC).

    Main Methods:

    • Monolayer collapse rates of purified SAM and specific lipid mixtures (DPPC, monoenoic lecithin, cholesterol) were measured at 37°C.

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  • Alveolar monolayer collapse rates were calculated from published lung compliance changes.
  • Comparative analysis of measured and calculated collapse rates was performed.

    • Main Results:

    • Purified SAM and a DPPC:PC:CHOL mixture (3.03:1.65:1 molar ratio) exhibited significantly higher collapse rates than estimated alveolar films.
    • Monolayers of pure DPPC or DPPC with 10 mol% monoenoic PC and/or CHOL showed collapse rates comparable to or lower than those estimated from lungs.
    • These findings suggest a specific enrichment of DPPC in the alveolar monolayer.

    Conclusions:

    • The alveolar monolayer is highly enriched in dipalmitoyl lecithin (DPPC), likely exceeding 90 mol%.
    • This DPPC enrichment is essential for maintaining low surface tension during expiration.
    • The enrichment mechanism may involve the exclusion of more mobile lipid components from the monolayer at low surface tensions.