Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 9, 2026

Expired CO2 Measurement in Intubated or Spontaneously Breathing Patients from the Emergency Department
Published on: January 29, 2011
Spontaneous ventilation with the Bain anaesthetic system
Abstract:
Measurements of ventilation and of inspired gas composition were made while volunteers breathed a non-anaesthetic gas through a Bain anaesthetic system. It was found that rebreathing occurred when the fresh gas flow was between two-and-a-half and three times the minute volume. Fresh gas flows at least three times the minute volume appear to be necessary to prevent rebreathing when using this system.
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