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Hypothalamic thermoregulatory pathways in the rat.

T M Gilbert, C M Blatteis

    Journal of Applied Physiology: Respiratory, Environmental and Exercise Physiology
    |November 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Hypothalamic cuts in rats reveal distinct control centers for thermoregulation. Specific lesions impaired cold-induced vasoconstriction but not shivering, impacting core body temperature maintenance.

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Physiology
    • Thermoregulation

    Background:

    • The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in regulating body temperature.
    • Understanding specific hypothalamic nuclei involved in thermoregulation is essential for comprehending physiological responses to thermal challenges.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role of specific hypothalamic regions in controlling cutaneous blood flow, oxygen consumption, and shivering activity in rats exposed to different ambient temperatures.
    • To determine if distinct hypothalamic pathways mediate cold-induced vasoconstriction, shivering, and heat-induced vasodilation.

    Main Methods:

    • Unanesthetized male rats underwent selective bilateral hypothalamic microknife cuts.
    • Physiological parameters including cutaneous blood flow, oxygen consumption, rectal and skin temperatures, and shivering activity were measured during exposure to 26°C, 33°C, and 5°C.

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  • Comparisons were made between rats with preoptic-anterior hypothalamic (PO/AH) junction cuts, parasagittal cuts, and sham-operated controls.

    • Main Results:

    • Rats with PO/AH junction cuts (1.5 or 3.0 mm lateral) and parasagittal cuts showed increased cutaneous blood flow at 26°C compared to controls.
    • At 5°C, extended PO/AH cuts and parasagittal cuts abolished cutaneous vasoconstriction, leading to a failure in maintaining rectal temperature, without affecting shivering.
    • Thermoregulation was not impaired in the 33°C environment by any of the cuts.

    Conclusions:

    • Different hypothalamic sites appear to independently regulate cold-induced skin vasoconstriction and shivering.
    • The integrity of the preoptic-anterior hypothalamus (PO/AH) is critical for cold-induced cutaneous vasoconstriction but not for cold thermogenesis or heat-induced cutaneous vasodilation in rats.