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[Toxic complex from parrotfish].

E Chungue, R Bagnis, N Fusetani

    Biochimie
    |January 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Researchers identified two toxins in parrotfish (Scarus gibbus) poisoning: a novel toxin (SG1, scaritoxin) and a ciguatoxin-like compound (SG2). Scaritoxin appears specific to parrotfish muscles, suggesting a unique origin.

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    Area of Science:

    • Marine Biology
    • Toxicology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Parrotfish (Scarus gibbus) consumption has been linked to poisoning in the Gambier Islands.
    • Clinical and epidemiological data suggest a complex toxic molecule is responsible.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To isolate and characterize the toxic substances present in parrotfish muscles.
    • To differentiate novel toxins from known toxins like ciguatoxin.

    Main Methods:

    • Fat-soluble muscle extracts were prepared and fractionated using DEAE cellulose column chromatography.
    • Further purification was achieved through Sephadex LH-20 filtration.
    • Toxicity was assessed by determining lethality in mice (LD50).

    Main Results:

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    • Two main toxic substances were isolated: SG1 (a novel toxin) and SG2 (a ciguatoxin-like compound).
    • SG1 exhibited higher toxicity (0.03 µg/g) than SG2 (0.06 µg/g) in mice.
    • SG1 was found specifically in parrotfish muscles (scaritoxin) and absent in other ciguateric fish, liver, and gut contents.

    Conclusions:

    • A new toxin, scaritoxin (SG1), distinct from ciguatoxin, is present in parrotfish muscles.
    • The specific occurrence of scaritoxin suggests a unique origin within the parrotfish family.
    • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise origin and biosynthesis of scaritoxin.