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Proteinuria in Sudanese children.

A I el Hag, A M el Seed, M D Mustafa

    Annals of Tropical Paediatrics
    |June 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary

    Proteinuria affects 7.2% of Khartoum children, increasing with age but not socioeconomic status. Further tests revealed haematuria in 27% and abnormal urinary deposits in 14.8% of affected children.

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    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric Nephrology
    • Clinical Urinalysis

    Background:

    • Proteinuria and haematuria are potential indicators of kidney disease in children.
    • Understanding the prevalence and characteristics of these findings in a specific population is crucial for early detection and management.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine the prevalence of proteinuria and haematuria in apparently healthy school children in Khartoum.
    • To investigate the relationship between these urinary abnormalities, age, sex, and socioeconomic status.
    • To characterize the types of proteinuria (orthostatic vs. continuous) and associated urinary findings.

    Main Methods:

    • A cross-sectional study of 1,846 healthy children aged 3-16 years in Khartoum.
    • Screening for proteinuria using N-multistix and confirmed with sulphosalicylic acid test.
    • Further investigations included urinary sediment analysis and orthostatic proteinuria testing.
    • Rescreening for proteinuria was performed in children with initially negative orthostatic tests.

    Main Results:

    • The prevalence of proteinuria was 7.2%, with no significant difference between sexes.
    • Proteinuria prevalence increased significantly with age but was not influenced by socioeconomic status.
    • Among children with proteinuria, 27% had haematuria and 14.8% had abnormal urinary deposits.
    • Orthostatic proteinuria was diagnosed in 40% of children with proteinuria, while 15.6% had continuous proteinuria.

    Conclusions:

    • Proteinuria is relatively common in healthy school children in Khartoum, with prevalence rising with age.
    • Orthostatic proteinuria is a significant finding in this pediatric population, often associated with haematuria or abnormal urinary sediments.
    • Regular screening and follow-up are important for identifying and managing potential renal abnormalities in children.

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