Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 17, 2026

13:35
Endoscopic Bilateral Nipple-sparing Mastectomy via a Single Axillary Incision with Immediate Pre-pectoral Implant-based Breast Reconstruction
Published on: May 17, 2024
Mastectomy performed by Lawrence Heister in the eighteenth century
Abstract:
In 1720, Heister successfully removed a massive tumor of the breast. The lesion was probably a massive cystosarcoma phylloides rather than infiltrating carcinoma of the duct. His thorough description reveals that patients and surgeons have changed little in two and one-half centuries.

