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[Immunotherapy (hypo-/desensitization) in allergic diseases (author's transl)]
Summary
Hyposensitization therapy aims to build allergen tolerance using various extracts and administration routes. Treatment efficacy is assessed through multiple clinical and immunological markers, with ongoing research for improvements.
Area of Science:
- Allergy and Immunology
- Immunotherapy
Background:
- Hyposensitization therapy seeks to induce allergen tolerance.
- Available allergen extracts include water-soluble, semi-depot, and depot forms.
- Standardized units (PNU, w/v, HEP) lack direct immunological potency comparison.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the principles and methods of hyposensitization therapy.
- To discuss different allergen extract formulations and administration routes.
- To outline methods for assessing treatment efficacy.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on hyposensitization.
- Discussion of parenteral and oral administration routes.
- Description of efficacy assessment parameters.
Main Results:
- Parenteral administration is most common, with oral routes gaining traction.
- Treatment duration is typically at least two years.
- Efficacy assessment involves clinical history, provocation tests, antibody levels (IgG, IgE), and histamine release.
Conclusions:
- Hyposensitization is a viable strategy for allergen tolerance.
- Further research is needed to enhance efficacy, shorten treatment duration, and minimize side effects.