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U.K. deep diving trials.

H V Hempleman, J T Florio, M P Garrard

    Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
    |January 7, 1984
    PubMed
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    This study explored deep-sea diving safety using oxygen-helium mixtures, finding that dives up to 540 m s.w. are effective and safe for volunteers, with physiological changes reverting to normal post-dive.

    Area of Science:

    • Physiological and environmental sciences
    • Hyperbaric physiology
    • Human performance under extreme conditions

    Background:

    • Deep-sea exploration necessitates understanding human physiological responses to extreme pressures.
    • Oxygen-helium (heliox) breathing mixtures are utilized to mitigate nitrogen narcosis and gas toxicity at depth.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the safety and physiological effects of simulated deep-sea dives using heliox breathing mixtures.
    • To assess human physiological and psychological adaptation to extreme hyperbaric conditions.

    Main Methods:

    • 18 volunteers underwent simulated dives to 180-540 m s.w. using heliox with controlled oxygen partial pressures.
    • Compression and decompression protocols involved staged intervals and slow linear release with sleep halts.

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  • Comprehensive physiological monitoring included cardiovascular, respiratory, neurophysiological, metabolic, and cognitive assessments.

    • Main Results:

    • Neurophysiological and behavioral changes were observed, primarily during compression, affecting motor, vestibular, cerebral, and autonomic systems.
    • Nitrogen narcosis symptoms were noted at 420 m s.w. with 10% nitrogen in heliox.
    • Cardiovascular function was impacted at 540 m s.w., while respiratory systems showed adaptability; all measured parameters normalized post-dive.

    Conclusions:

    • Simulated dives to 540 m s.w. using oxygen-helium mixtures are physiologically tolerable and safe for human subjects.
    • The study highlights the adaptability of human physiological systems to extreme hyperbaric environments, with transient effects observed.
    • Further research is needed to fully understand the physiological significance of observed changes during deep dives.