The neuroleptic malignant syndrome. A priority system

The neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) of hyperthermia, rigidity, hyperautonomicity and altered consciousness results from the use of neuroleptic agents. Although rare, it is important to recognize and treat the syndrome early because it is potentially lethal. It bears striking similarities to several other conditions, particularly malignant hyperthermia. NMS probably reflects a disorder of the hypothalamic and basal ganglia dopamine systems. No specific treatments are available, but dantrolene sodium, bromocriptine, amantadine and phenytoin have been used successfully.