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Related Experiment Videos

Brain peptides as neurotransmitters.

S H Snyder

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |August 29, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Numerous peptides function as potential neurotransmitters in the brain. Their diverse locations suggest varied roles in central nervous system function.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Many peptides are recognized as neurotransmitter candidates in the brain.
    • Some peptides, like enkephalins, neurotensin, and substance P, were initially isolated from brain tissue.
    • Other peptides, initially identified as intestinal hormones (e.g., cholecystokinin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide), are also found in the brain.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the diverse roles of peptides as neurotransmitters in the central nervous system.
    • To highlight the origin and discovery of various peptide neurotransmitter candidates.
    • To emphasize the implications of widespread peptide localization in the brain.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of peptide identification and localization studies in the brain.
    • Analysis of established and potential peptide neurotransmitter candidates.

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  • Examination of peptide origins (brain, gut, pituitary, blood).

    • Main Results:

    • Identified several classes of peptides with neurotransmitter potential, including opioid peptides, gut peptides, hypothalamic-releasing hormones, pituitary peptides, and blood-derived peptides.
    • Confirmed that peptides like enkephalins, neurotensin, substance P, cholecystokinin, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide are present in the brain.
    • Noted that peptides such as angiotensin II and bradykinin, originating from the blood, may also act as central neurotransmitters.

    Conclusions:

    • Peptides represent a significant and diverse group of potential neurotransmitters in the brain.
    • The varied origins and widespread distribution of these peptides suggest a complex array of functions within the central nervous system.
    • Further research is warranted to elucidate the specific roles of each peptide in neural signaling.