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Nonspecific esterase in human lymphocytes.

J Müller, H U Keller, P Dürig

    International Archives of Allergy and Applied Immunology
    |January 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Esterase activity, an indicator of acid lipase, is present in a majority of human peripheral lymphocytes, particularly T cells. This cytochemical marker shows a correlation with T cell rosette formation but not with B cell surface immunoglobulin.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Cell Biology
    • Histochemistry

    Background:

    • Peripheral lymphocytes exhibit esterase activity detectable via cytochemical methods.
    • This activity is observed in lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages, with distinct reaction product distributions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To characterize lymphocyte esterase activity using cytochemical techniques.
    • To investigate the relationship between esterase activity and other lymphocyte markers (sIg, rosette formation).
    • To determine the cell type specificity of esterase activity in human peripheral blood, thymus, and lymph nodes.

    Main Methods:

    • Cytochemical staining using hexazotized pararosanilin and alpha-naphthyl-acetate.
    • Determination of substrate specificity, time course, and pH optimum.

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  • Correlation analysis with surface immunoglobulin (sIg) and spontaneous rosette formation with sheep red blood cells.

    • Main Results:

    • Esterase-positive lymphocytes displayed punctate reaction products, distinct from diffuse staining in plasma cells and macrophages.
    • Lymphocyte esterases were identified as acid lipases.
    • A significant correlation was found between esterase activity and rosette formation, with most esterase-positive cells being sIg-negative, suggesting a link to T cells.
    • Activated lymphocytes (blast cells) showed high esterase positivity, while thymocytes largely lacked activity.

    Conclusions:

    • Esterase activity is a characteristic feature of small peripheral T cells.
    • Cytochemical esterase detection can serve as a marker for T cell populations.
    • The findings contribute to understanding lymphocyte heterogeneity and function.