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Neural development in children: a neurophysiological study.

Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology

|October 1, 1981

Summary

The longer latency (LL) reflex component in wrist flexors develops significantly in children aged 2-13 years. This reflex, potentially involving supraspinal pathways, matures gradually, reaching adult-like characteristics after age 8.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Biology
Human Physiology

Background:

Adults exhibit two primary reflex EMG components in upper limb joints: a short latency (SL) spinal stretch reflex and a longer latency (LL) reflex possibly involving supraspinal structures.
The tendon jerk, a spinal reflex, is present at birth in children.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the presence and developmental trajectory of the LL reflex component in the wrist flexors of children.
To assess the maturation of kinaesthetic reaction times in conjunction with LL reflex development.

Main Methods:

Angular displacements of upper limb joints were imposed using a torque motor in children aged 2 to 13 years.
Electromyography (EMG) was used to identify and measure reflex components.
Kinaesthetic reaction times were recorded concurrently.

Main Results:

In young children (2-6 years), the LL reflex component duration was significantly longer than in adults.
A slow decrease in LL component duration was observed from 2 to 6 years, followed by an abrupt decrease between 6 and 8 years.
Adult-like reflex responses emerged after 8 years of age, and adult-like kinaesthetic reaction times were achieved after 10 years of age.

Conclusions:

The longer latency reflex component in wrist flexors undergoes significant developmental changes throughout childhood.
Maturation of the LL reflex and kinaesthetic reaction times follows a protracted course, with adult-like function achieved in late childhood.
These findings suggest a gradual development of supraspinal involvement in motor control during childhood.

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