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Lung tissue volume changes induced by hypertonic NaCl: morphometric evaluation.

D Wangensteen, H Bachofen, E R Weibel

    Journal of Applied Physiology: Respiratory, Environmental and Exercise Physiology
    |December 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Hypertonic saline in lung perfusate reduced cell and surface-lining layer volumes. This indicates fluid shifts from lung cells and across the alveolar epithelium, not the capillary endothelium.

    Area of Science:

    • Pulmonary physiology
    • Cellular biology
    • Respiratory system research

    Background:

    • Understanding fluid dynamics within lung tissue is crucial for respiratory health.
    • The osmotic behavior of the alveolar septum components influences lung function.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the volumetric changes in alveolar septum components due to hypertonic sodium chloride (NaCl) in lung perfusate.
    • To determine the osmotic permeability of the pulmonary capillary endothelium and alveolar epithelium to small molecules.

    Main Methods:

    • Isolated rabbit lungs were perfused with Ringer solution with or without added NaCl to create hypertonic conditions.
    • Tissue samples were prepared for electron microscopy and analyzed using morphometric procedures.
    • Volumes of septal cells, interstitial space, capillary lumen, and surface-lining layer were measured and normalized.

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    Main Results:

    • Hypertonic NaCl significantly reduced total cell and surface-lining layer volumes.
    • Interstitial space and capillary lumen volumes remained unchanged.
    • Epithelial cells showed decreased volumes, while endothelial cells showed minimal change.

    Conclusions:

    • Small molecules like NaCl do not exert an osmotic effect across the pulmonary capillary endothelium.
    • Fluid flux occurs from lung cells and across the alveolar epithelium in response to hypertonicity.
    • Lung septal cell types exhibit a heterogeneous osmotic response.