Rous sarcoma virus mutant LA3382 is defective in virion glycoprotein assembly

LA3382 is a temperature-sensitive replication-defective mutant of Rous sarcoma virus that contains four active mutations. In this study we performed experiments to determine the biochemical defect that blocks the synthesis of infections virus late in the replication cycle. At the nonpermissive temperature (41 degrees C) cells infected with LA3382 synthesized virus particles which were noninfectious and exhibited significant reductions in the amounts of gp85 and gp37 present in the virions. An analysis of the intracellular viral polypeptides indicated that the precursor of the viral glycoproteins (Pr95) were synthesized normally but underwent cleavage at a reduced rate at the restrictive temperature. Pr95 did not accumulate in infected cells ans was inserted into mutant virions at 41 degrees C; however, Pr95 was cleaved in such a way that gp85 was released from the viruses and could be detected in the supernatant medium by immunoprecipitation. The virus-free glycoprotein was indistinguishable from wild-type gp85 and may have been released due to an anomalous cleavage. Pulse-chase experiments also indicated that the Pr180 polyprotein precursor of the reverse transcriptase was cleaved to the active form of the enzyme more slowly at 41 degrees C in LA3382-infected cells. This accounted for the twofold lower level of polymerase activity found in mutant virions at 41 degrees C, defect which probably did not account for the observed 20- to 50-fold reduction in infectivity. Furthermore, the replication defect was not complemented by an env deletion mutant Rous sarcoma virus [RSV(-)[, which should complement a pol defect. Therefore, we conclude that the major lesion that impairs replication in LA3382 is within the env gene.