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Amylase in the thyroid gland.

N Otsu, H Oami, M Okawa

|January 1, 1982

Summary

Thyroid tissue exhibits significant amylase activity, higher than normal serum levels. This suggests the thyroid may produce salivary-type amylase, potentially transforming into anionic forms within the thyroid gland.

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Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Endocrinology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Amylase, a digestive enzyme, is typically found in saliva and pancreatic secretions.
Its presence and function within the thyroid gland are not well-established.
Previous studies have hinted at non-canonical roles for enzymes in endocrine tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the presence and characteristics of amylase activity in thyroid tissue.
To determine the origin and potential modifications of thyroid amylase.
To explore the functional implications of amylase within the thyroid gland.

Main Methods:

Analysis of amylase activity in thyroid tissue extracts using biochemical assays.
Starch film technique to localize amylase activity within thyroid structures.
Electrophoretic analysis and gel filtration (Sephadex G75) to characterize thyroid amylase properties.
Comparison with parotid and pancreatic amylase.

Main Results:

Thyroid extracts showed significantly higher amylase activity compared to normal sera.
Amylase activity was localized to the follicular lumen and follicular epithelia.
Electrophoresis revealed four amylase activity bands, one matching parotid amylase.
Thyroid amylase exhibited similar molecular size to parotid and pancreatic amylase.

Conclusions:

The thyroid gland possesses significant amylase activity, distinct from systemic levels.
Evidence suggests the thyroid may synthesize salivary-type amylase.
This amylase is secreted into the follicular lumen and may undergo transformation into anionic forms.

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