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Acute renal failure in children following snake bite
Annals of Tropical Paediatrics
|June 1, 1981
Summary
Snake venom poisoning is a significant cause of acute renal failure in South Indian children. Russell
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Nephrology
- Toxicology
- Tropical Medicine
Background:
- Snake venom poisoning is a serious health concern, particularly in tropical regions.
- Acute renal failure (ARF) is a known complication of snake envenomation.
- Children may be particularly vulnerable to the effects of snake bites.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the incidence and characteristics of snake venom poisoning in infants and children admitted to a South Indian hospital.
- To identify the common causes of acute renal failure in this pediatric population.
- To determine the snake species responsible for envenomation leading to renal failure.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of hospital admission data from 1976-1979.
- Identification of cases of snake venom poisoning and acute renal failure.
- Clinical review of children with anuria following snake bite.
- Species identification of snakes involved in envenomation where possible.
Main Results:
- Snake venom poisoning represented 1.4% of pediatric admissions.
- It was the most frequent cause of acute renal failure in children.
- 42 children experienced anuria post-snake bite, often with intravascular coagulation and acute tubular necrosis.
- Russell's viper was identified as the snake species in all anuric cases where identification was possible.
- Renal failure was more common and severe in children compared to adults.
Conclusions:
- Snake venom poisoning is a major cause of acute renal failure in South Indian children.
- Russell's viper envenomation poses a significant risk for severe renal complications in pediatric patients.
- Prompt recognition and management of snake bite in children are crucial to prevent renal sequelae.
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