The electrocardiography of AV universal DDD pacemakers

The interpretation of DDD pacemaker electrocardiograms may be performed using basic techniques and by applying the fundamental principles of noncompetitive pulse generator sensing, timing, and pacing characteristics. Precise knowledge of individual model specifications and programmable parameters is mandatory if physicians are to avoid the consequences of misinterpretation. Manufacturers must provide adequate information regarding their DDD models, and the medical community should develop more sophisticated surveillance methods for following these pacemakers.