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Decrease in natural killer cell activity in kidney allograft recipients.

J F Moreau, J P Soulillou, A Ythier

    Annales D'Immunologie
    |March 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Kidney transplant recipients experience a significant drop in natural killer cell activity (NKCA) post-transplant, which may recover long-term. This NKCA reduction appears linked to progenitor loss or interferon insensitivity, not immunosuppressants like azathioprine.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Transplantation Science
    • Cellular Cytotoxicity

    Background:

    • Natural killer cell activity (NKCA) plays a crucial role in immune surveillance.
    • Kidney allograft recipients undergo significant immunosuppression, potentially affecting immune cell function.
    • Understanding NKCA dynamics post-transplantation is vital for assessing immune recovery and graft outcomes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the longitudinal changes in NKCA in kidney allograft recipients.
    • To compare NKCA in transplant recipients with control groups, including hemodialysis patients and those on corticosteroid therapy.
    • To explore potential mechanisms underlying NKCA reduction in transplant recipients.

    Main Methods:

    • Assessed NKCA using the 51Cr specific release test on K562 and DORA cell lines in 66 kidney allograft recipients.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Compared NKCA levels with 32 healthy individuals, 11 hemodialysis patients, and patients on long-term corticosteroid therapy.
  • Investigated the effect of exogenous interferon and recipient sera on NKCA.

    • Main Results:

    • NKCA significantly decreased within 3 months post-transplantation, reaching minimal levels between 7-60 months.
    • NKCA showed a tendency towards restoration in patients transplanted for over 61 months.
    • Hemodialysis patients had normal NKCA, while corticosteroid therapy showed minimal impact on NKCA in vitro.

    Conclusions:

    • Kidney transplantation leads to a profound and sustained reduction in NKCA, potentially due to a loss of NK cell progenitors or interferon insensitivity.
    • This NKCA impairment is distinct from effects of hemodialysis or short-term corticosteroid use.
    • Azathioprine and corticosteroids did not directly influence graft recipient NKCA on the day of testing, but pharmacological concentrations of corticosteroids reduced NKCA in vitro.