The multiplicity of domains on a protein antigen affecting immune responsiveness

A method for the production of single domain antibodies from alpacas, including immunization, blood collection, B-cell isolation, and selection is...

This article describes a simple protein microarray method for profiling humoral immune responses to a 7-plex panel of highly purified Clostridium difficile antigens in human sera. The protocol can be extended for the determination of specific antibody responses in preparations of polyclonal intravenous...

Protein domains are small structurally independent units that are part of a single amino acid chain.  Although these domains are often structurally independent, they may rely on synergistic effects to perform their functions as part of a larger protein. Protein domains may be conserved within the same organism, as well as across different organisms.
A limited set of protein domains often duplicate and recombine during evolution. These domains can be organized in different combinations to...

Overview

This video demonstrates an in vivo technique to assess a test antigen by inducing skin inflammation in a murine model. The test antigen—a hapten in an oil/acetone solution—is topically applied to the skin of the mouse ear, and inflammation of the skin is assessed after an adequate...

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...