Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 9, 2026

A Chronic Autoimmune Dry Eye Rat Model with Increase in Effector Memory T Cells in Eyeball Tissue
09:42

A Chronic Autoimmune Dry Eye Rat Model with Increase in Effector Memory T Cells in Eyeball Tissue

Published on: June 7, 2017

Precipitating antigen-antibody systems are required for the formation of subepithelial electron-dense immune deposits

L Y Agodoa, V J Gauthier, M Mannik

    The Journal of Experimental Medicine
    |October 1, 1983
    PubMed

    This study was conducted to determine whether multivalent, precipitating antigens are required for formation of subepithelial electron-dense immune deposits in glomeruli. 2-nitro-4-azidophenyl (NAP) was conjugated with variable density to human serum albumin (HSA) to yield nonprecipitating (NAP3.1 X HSA and NAP11.4 X HSA) and precipitating (NAP19.7 X HSA) antigens with antibodies to the hapten. These antigen preparations were cationized with ethylene diamine to enhance deposition in renal glomeruli due to interaction with the fixed negative charges in the glomerular capillary wall. Following injection into the left renal artery of rats these antigens alone persisted in the glomeruli for a relatively short time by immunofluorescence microscopy. When antibodies to NAP were injected intravenously after the antigen injection, the nonprecipitating antigens and antibodies were detectable in the glomeruli by immunofluorescence microscopy up to 8 h, comparable to antigen alone. Electron-dense deposits were not formed in these glomeruli. In contrast, when the precipitating antigen was injected and followed by antibodies to the hapten, antigen and antibody were detected by immunofluorescence microscopy through 96 h. In these specimens electron-dense deposits were present from 40 min through 96 h and after 24 h the deposits were present only in the subepithelial area. The same results were obtained when the nonprecipitating hapten-carrier conjugates were followed with antibodies to the carrier molecule. These data indicate that the persistence of immune deposits by immunofluorescence microscopy and the formation of electron-dense deposits in the subepithelial area require a precipitating antigen-antibody system.

    More Related Videos

    An Efficient Sieving Method to Isolate Intact Glomeruli from Adult Rat Kidney10:14

    An Efficient Sieving Method to Isolate Intact Glomeruli from Adult Rat Kidney

    Published on: November 1, 2018

    Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice09:43

    Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice

    Published on: June 8, 2022

    Related Concept Videos

    Antibody Structure01:10

    Antibody Structure

    Overview
    Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
    The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
    Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
    Antibody Actions01:26

    Antibody Actions

    Antibodies, or immunoglobulins, are critical players in the immune system's arsenal against invading pathogens. Produced by B cells and plasma cells, their primary role is to detect and bind to specific antigens, molecules found on the surface of pathogens like bacteria or viruses. Beyond antigen recognition, antibodies perform several vital functions that contribute to immune defense.
    Neutralization
    Antibodies can bind to pathogens, preventing them from infecting host cells. This process...
    Renal Corpuscle01:20

    Renal Corpuscle

    The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
    Glomerulus: Structure and Function
    The glomerulus is a tiny, intricate network of capillaries located at the beginning of the nephron. It's enveloped by the Bowman's capsule and receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole, which divides into numerous capillaries...
    Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

    Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

    Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of fluid...
    Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

    Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

    Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
    Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

    Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

    Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...