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Related Concept Videos

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues01:18

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues

Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
Lymphoid cells consist of various types of immune system cells. These include B and T lymphocytes, which are responsible for producing antibodies and killing infected cells, respectively. Dendritic cells act as messengers between the innate and adaptive...
Primary Lymphoid Organs01:16

Primary Lymphoid Organs

Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...
Secondary Lymphoid Organs01:15

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, nestled in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is composed of two primary regions: the red pulp and the white pulp, each having distinct functions. The red pulp performs a significant role in blood filtration. It efficiently purges the blood of old or damaged red blood cells and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Isolation of CD4+ T-cells and Analysis of Circulating T-follicular Helper (cTfh) Cell Subsets from Peripheral Blood Using 6-color Flow Cytometry
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Published on: January 7, 2019

Lymphocyte subsets in primary biliary cirrhosis.

K B Miller, G H Elta, R A Rudders

    Annals of Internal Medicine
    |March 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    T-cell subset abnormalities in primary biliary cirrhosis are secondary to disease progression, not a cause. As cirrhosis advances, T-cell percentages decrease, indicating a response to, rather than a driver of, the condition.

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    Subcellular Fractionation of Primary Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells to Monitor Nuclear/Cytoplasmic Protein Trafficking
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    Subcellular Fractionation of Primary Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells to Monitor Nuclear/Cytoplasmic Protein Trafficking

    Published on: October 23, 2019

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Hepatology
    • Cell Biology

    Background:

    • Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a chronic liver disease characterized by autoimmune destruction of bile ducts.
    • Circulating T-cell subset abnormalities have been reported in PBC, but their role as a cause or effect remains unclear.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate whether T-cell subset alterations in peripheral blood are a cause or consequence of primary biliary cirrhosis.
    • To correlate T-cell subset percentages with the histological stage of primary biliary cirrhosis.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes from 44 patients with varying stages of primary biliary cirrhosis.
    • Flow cytometry was used to determine the percentages of total T cells, helper/inducer T cells, and suppressor/inducer T cells.

    Main Results:

    • In early-stage disease, percentages of total T cells and helper/inducer T cells were normal, while suppressor/inducer T cells were elevated.
    • A steady decline in the percentages of all T-cell subsets was observed as the disease progressed histologically.
    • T-cell subset percentages in late-stage cirrhotic disease mirrored those found in patients with other forms of cirrhosis.

    Conclusions:

    • The observed abnormalities in circulating T-cell subsets are predominantly secondary to the histological progression of primary biliary cirrhosis.
    • T-cell changes are a consequence, not a primary driver, of the disease process in PBC.
    • Understanding these T-cell dynamics offers insights into the immunopathogenesis of advanced liver disease.