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Related Concept Videos

Enzyme Inhibition01:30

Enzyme Inhibition

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Inhibitors are molecules that reduce enzyme activity by binding to the enzyme. In a normally functioning cell, enzymes are regulated by a variety of inhibitors. Drugs and other toxins can also inhibit enzymes. Some inhibitors bind to the enzyme’s active site, while others inhibit enzymatic activity by binding to other sites on the protein structure.
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Red algae, also known as rhodophytes, are primarily found in marine environments, though some species inhabit freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems. These organisms exist in both unicellular and multicellular forms, with some multicellular varieties reaching macroscopic sizes.As phototrophic organisms, red algae contain chlorophyll a; however, their chloroplasts lack chlorophyll b. Instead, they possess phycobiliproteins, which serve as major light-harvesting pigments, similar to those found in...
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Enzymes02:34

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Inside living organisms, enzymes act as catalysts for many biochemical reactions involved in cellular metabolism. The role of enzymes is to reduce the activation energies of biochemical reactions by forming complexes with its substrates. The lowering of activation energies favor an increase in the rates of biochemical reactions.
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Enzyme Kinetics01:19

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Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy of the reactants. The speed at which the enzyme turns reactants into products is called the rate of reaction. Several factors impact the rate of reaction, including the number of available reactants. Enzyme kinetics is the study of how an enzyme changes the rate of a reaction.
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Enzyme-linked Receptors01:00

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Enzyme-linked receptors are proteins that act as both receptor and enzyme, activating multiple intracellular signals. This is a large group of receptors that include the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. Many growth factors and hormones bind to and activate the RTKs.
Neurotrophin (NT) receptors are a family of RTKs, including trkA, trkB, and trkC (tropomyosin-related kinase) receptors. TrkA is specific for nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-6, and neurotrophin-7. TrkB binds...
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Introduction to Enzymes01:22

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The use of enzymes by humans dates to 7000 BCE. Humans first used enzymes to ferment sugars and produce alcohol without knowing that this was an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Wilhelm Kuhne coined the term 'enzyme' in 1877 from the Greek words ‘en’ meaning ‘in’ or ‘within’ and ‘zyme’ meaning ‘yeast.’
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Evaluating Therapeutic Interventions in the SHIP-deficient Mouse Model of Crohn Disease-like Ileitis and Fibrosis
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Red cell enzyme deficiencies as non-disease.

E Beutler

    Biomedica Biochimica Acta
    |January 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary

    Red blood cell enzyme deficiencies vary in impact. Some cause hemolytic anemia, while others, like catalase or glutathione peroxidase deficiencies, are well-tolerated due to metabolic redundancy.

    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Hematology
    • Genetics

    Background:

    • Red blood cell (RBC) enzyme defects are linked to various anemias.
    • The direct impact of specific enzyme deficiencies on RBC lifespan is not always clear.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the functional consequences of specific red blood cell enzyme deficiencies.
    • To identify RBC enzyme deficiencies that do not impair erythrocyte function.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of documented red blood cell enzyme defects.
    • Analysis of clinical data correlating enzyme deficiencies with hemolytic anemia.
    • Identification of enzymes whose deficiencies do not affect red blood cell lifespan.

    Main Results:

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    • Several red blood cell enzyme deficiencies are clearly linked to hemolytic anemia.
    • Deficiencies in catalase, galactokinase, UDPGlu-4-epimerase, NADPH diaphorase, phosphoglucomutase, acetylcholinesterase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and adenylate kinase are well-tolerated.
    • These well-tolerated deficiencies suggest non-essential metabolic pathways or compensatory mechanisms in erythrocytes.

    Conclusions:

    • Erythrocytes exhibit varying tolerance to enzyme deficiencies.
    • Metabolic redundancy or non-essential pathways explain the lack of functional impairment in certain RBC enzyme deficiencies.
    • Understanding these tolerances aids in diagnosing and managing hemolytic anemias.