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Wild rice as fermentation substrate for mycotoxin production.

L A Lindenfelser, A Ciegler, C W Hesseltine

    Applied and Environmental Microbiology
    |January 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Wild rice can be fermented to produce mycotoxins like ochratoxin-A and patulin. This study investigated mold growth and toxin production on wild rice, finding it a suitable substrate for certain mycotoxins.

    Area of Science:

    • Food science
    • Mycology
    • Agricultural science

    Background:

    • Cereal grains are common substrates for mycotoxin production.
    • Wild rice has not been previously studied for its mycotoxin-producing potential.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine if wild rice is a suitable substrate for the fermentative production of mycotoxins.
    • To assess the yield of specific mycotoxins under varying conditions.

    Main Methods:

    • Five known mycotoxin-producing mold cultures were inoculated onto wild rice.
    • Fermentation was conducted under varied moisture and temperature conditions.
    • Mycotoxin yields were quantified, and naturally molded wild rice was analyzed.

    Main Results:

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    • Good yields of ochratoxin-A and moderate amounts of patulin were achieved.
    • Small quantities of penicillic acid, vomitoxin, and zearalenone were produced.
    • Naturally molded wild rice contained 0.8 µg/g patulin, with Aspergillus clavatus identified as the predominant mold.

    Conclusions:

    • Wild rice supports the fermentative production of certain mycotoxins, notably ochratoxin-A and patulin.
    • Aspergillus clavatus isolated from wild rice can produce patulin, similar to known strains.
    • Further research into wild rice as a mycotoxin substrate is warranted.