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Passive/active immunization against hepatitis B.

R Zachoval, W Jilg, B Lorbeer

    The Journal of Infectious Diseases
    |July 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Passive and active immunization against hepatitis B showed similar immune response rates compared to active vaccination alone. Hepatitis B immunoglobulin provided protection until an active immune response developed.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Vaccinology

    Background:

    • Hepatitis B remains a significant global health concern.
    • Effective immunization strategies are crucial for preventing hepatitis B virus infection.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the immune response rates in subjects immunized passively and actively against hepatitis B compared to active vaccination alone.
    • To assess antibody titers and the protective duration of hepatitis B immunoglobulin.

    Main Methods:

    • Comparative study involving subjects receiving passive/active immunization versus active vaccination only.
    • Measurement of geometric mean titers (GMT) of antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen.
    • Calculation of the half-life of hepatitis B immunoglobulin.

    Main Results:

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    • No significant differences in eventual immune response rates were observed between passive/active immunization and active-only vaccination groups.
    • Nearly identical GMTs were found when using the same vaccine lot for passive/active immunization compared to controls.
    • Lower GMTs were noted with a different vaccine lot, potentially due to lower immunogenicity.
    • The mean half-life of hepatitis B immunoglobulin was 24.8 days.
    • Approximately 90% of subjects received adequate protection from 300,000 mIU of hepatitis B immunoglobulin until active immunity developed.

    Conclusions:

    • Passive and active immunization strategies against hepatitis B are as effective as active vaccination alone in achieving immune response.
    • Hepatitis B immunoglobulin offers temporary protection, with a mean half-life of 24.8 days, supporting its role in preventing infection during the development of active immunity.