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Inactivated mouse cytomegalovirus vaccine: preparation, immunogenicity, and protective effect
Abstract:
Mouse cytomegalovirus (CMV) was rapidly and completely inactivated at 37 C by formalin diluted 1:4,000. Of 18 mice that received two doses of inactivated mouse CMV, 16 survived challenge with 250% lethal doses of mouse CMV; one of 11 mice receiving two doses of a control preparation survived the challenge (P < 0.005). After challenge with live virus, recognizable morbidity occurred in only four of 16 recipients of inactivated mouse CMV, but the virus was recovered from the salivary glands of 15 animals. Mice with reciprocal prechallenge titers of neutralizing antibody of < 4 demonstrated significantly higher morbidity and mortality than mice with higher antibody titers. Administration of inactivated mouse CMV did not depress responsiveness of spleen cells to phytohemagglutinin. Most mice immunized with inactivated virus developed only mild or subclinical infections after challenge with lethal doses of mouse CMV.
Insights
Inactivated mouse cytomegalovirus (CMV) vaccine protected mice against lethal challenge, significantly reducing mortality and morbidity. This suggests a potential strategy for CMV infection control.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Immunology
- Vaccine Development
Background:
- Mouse cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a significant pathogen.
- Effective vaccines against CMV are needed to prevent infection and disease.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the efficacy of an inactivated mouse CMV vaccine in a murine model.
- To assess the protective immune response induced by the inactivated vaccine.
Main Methods:
- Mouse CMV was inactivated using formalin.
- Mice were immunized with inactivated mouse CMV and challenged with live virus.
- Survival rates, morbidity, and viral shedding were monitored.
- Humoral immune response was assessed via neutralizing antibody titers.
- Cellular immune response was evaluated by spleen cell proliferation assays.
Main Results:
- 16 out of 18 mice receiving inactivated mouse CMV survived lethal challenge, compared to 1 of 11 controls (P < 0.005).
- Recipients of inactivated vaccine showed significantly reduced morbidity after challenge.
- Despite protection, viral shedding was detected in most immunized mice.
- Pre-existing neutralizing antibody titers influenced morbidity and mortality outcomes.
- Spleen cell responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin remained unaffected.
Conclusions:
- Formalin-inactivated mouse CMV vaccine confers significant protection against lethal infection.
- The vaccine demonstrates potential as a prophylactic measure against mouse CMV.
- Further research is warranted to optimize vaccine strategies and address viral shedding.