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Inactivation of poliovirus I (Brunhilde) single particles by chlorine in water
Abstract:
Like the Mahoney strain, the Brunhilde strain of poliovirus aggregated slowly in dilute phosphate-carbonate buffer at pH 6 but not at all at or above pH 7. Infectivity decreased at rates approximately proportional to the concentration of free chlorine present at pH 6 over the entire range of 5 to 40 micrometer. The addition of 0.1 M NaCl to the buffer increased the rate about twofold, but this strain was still twice as resistant as the Mahoney strain. At pH 10, inactivation was much slower than at pH 6, but when 0.1 M NaCl was added, the rate was increased 31-fold, making the OCl- at pH 10 over three times more effective than HOCl at pH 6.
Insights
The Brunhilde strain of poliovirus aggregates slowly at pH 6 but not above. Free chlorine inactivates Brunhilde poliovirus, with salt enhancing inactivation at pH 10.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Environmental Science
- Public Health
Background:
- Poliovirus strains exhibit varying aggregation and inactivation properties.
- Understanding poliovirus inactivation is crucial for public health and water safety.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the aggregation and chlorine inactivation kinetics of the Brunhilde strain of poliovirus.
- To compare the inactivation resistance of the Brunhilde strain to the Mahoney strain.
Main Methods:
- Poliovirus aggregation was studied in phosphate-carbonate buffer at different pH levels.
- Infectivity of the Brunhilde strain was measured after exposure to free chlorine (hypochlorous acid/hypochlorite ion) at pH 6 and pH 10.
- The effect of sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration on inactivation rates was assessed.
Main Results:
- The Brunhilde strain aggregated slowly at pH 6 but not at pH 7 or higher.
- Poliovirus infectivity decreased proportionally to free chlorine concentration at pH 6.
- The Brunhilde strain showed increased resistance compared to the Mahoney strain, especially with added NaCl.
- At pH 10, hypochlorite ion (OCl-) inactivation was significantly enhanced by NaCl, proving more effective than hypochlorous acid (HOCl) at pH 6.
Conclusions:
- The Brunhilde poliovirus strain exhibits pH-dependent aggregation and chlorine inactivation.
- Environmental factors like pH and salt concentration significantly influence poliovirus inactivation by chlorine.
- These findings have implications for disinfection strategies and poliovirus control.