Foveal inhibition and facilitation caused by remote grating jerks: interaction between long-range and short-range effects

Periodic oscillation of a luminance grating imaged upon the peripheral retina reduces the threshold visibility of a foveally presented test spot. This new effect has been named the "jerk effect". The present investigation is concerned with the effect of a single jerk of the remote grating on threshold sensitivity. Foveal sensitivity changes were measured for different delays between grating jerk and test spot presentation. For 0.38 degrees, 100 ms test spot, long-range transient inhibition was found for all delays, with a maximal effect between 0 and 30 ms delay. By combining the jerk effect with the Westheimer paradigm, both facilitatory and inhibitory long-range effects could be demonstrated. For facilitation to occur, it was necessary that the steady background extended into the sensitization zone of the Westheimer area. Inhibition was the only result for smaller backgrounds. Reduced visibility is consistent with the hypothesis that peripheral transient mechanisms inhibit foveal sustained mechanisms. Enhanced visibility indicates that thresholds depend on an interaction between foveal-sustained and foveal-transient units. Transient peripheral stimulation and steady backgrounds of increasing diameter change the balance of inhibitory and facilitatory processes between these units.