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[Clinical studies on ceftizoxime in pediatric field (author's transl)]
Insights
Ceftizoxime demonstrates potent antibacterial activity against common Gram-negative bacteria and shows high urinary excretion rates. This new cephalosporin proves effective and safe for treating bacterial infections in children.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology
- Clinical Microbiology
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Ceftizoxime is a novel cephalosporin antibiotic.
- Clinical efficacy and safety evaluations are essential for new antimicrobial agents.
Observation:
- Ceftizoxime exhibited superior in vitro activity against E. coli, Klebsiella, H. influenzae, and E. cloacae compared to cefotiam, cefmetazole, and cefazolin.
- High urinary recovery rates (97% and 82%) were observed within 6 hours post-intravenous administration in individuals with normal renal function.
- A clinical study involving 18 children with various bacterial infections demonstrated an overall effectiveness rate of 94%.
Findings:
- Ceftizoxime showed enhanced activity against key Gram-negative pathogens but reduced activity against S. aureus.
- Intravenous administration resulted in significant urinary excretion, indicating good systemic availability.
- Excellent to good clinical outcomes were achieved in 17 out of 18 pediatric patients, with minimal and transient adverse effects like elevated GPT and neutropenia.
Implications:
- Ceftizoxime is a promising antibiotic for treating pediatric bacterial infections, particularly those caused by susceptible Gram-negative organisms.
- Its favorable pharmacokinetic profile and high clinical effectiveness support its consideration as a first-line treatment option.
- Further research may explore its utility in broader pediatric populations and against a wider spectrum of resistant pathogens.
Abstract:
Clinical studies on ceftizoxime, a new cephalosporin, were carried out in our department. The following results were obtained. 1. Antibacterial activity. Antibacterial activity of ceftizoxime against 7 strains of E. coli, 6 strains of Klebsiella, 6 strains of H. influenzae, 7 strains of E. cloacae and 10 strains of S. aureus, recently isolated from patients, was compared with that of cefotiam, cefmetazole and cefazolin. Ceftizoxime was more active than the other antibiotics against E. coli, Klebsiella, H. influenzae and E. cloacae, but less active against S. aureus. 2. Urinary excretion. Urinary excretion was measured in 2 cases with normal renal function after dosing with 750 mg (35 mg/kg) and 350 mg (17 mg/kg) of ceftizoxime by intravenous injections. Urinary recovery rates within 6 hours were 97% and 82% respectively. 3. Clinical study. Eighteen children with the following bacterial infections were treated with ceftizoxime; respiratory tract infection (13), acute otitis media (1), acute intervertebral chondritis and tonsillitis (1), chronic cystitis (1), subcutaneous abscess (1) and chronic bacteremia (1). The dosage was 69--147 mg/kg q.i.d. by intravenous injection. The duration of administration was from 3 to 32 days. The clinical results were excellent in 4 cases, good in 13 cases and fair in 1 case of chronic bacteremia. The overall effectiveness rate was 94%. Slight elevation of GPT in 1 case and leukopenia (neutropenia) in 1 case were observed, but returned to the normal range immediately after discontinuation of dosing. It is considered that ceftizoxime is one of the useful first choice antibiotics used for children with bacterial infections.