Physical and gene mapping of chloroplast DNA from Atriplex triangularis and Cucumis sativa

A rapid and simple method for constructing restriction maps of large DNAs (100-200 kb) is presented. The utility of this method is illustrated by mapping the Sal I, Sac I, and Hpa I sites of the 152 kb Atriplex triangularis chloroplast genome, and the Sal I and Pvu II sites of the 155 kb Cucumis sativa chloroplast genome. These two chloroplast DNAs are very similar in organization; both feature the near-universal chloroplast DNA inverted repeat sequence of 22-25 kb. The positions of four different genes have been localized on these chloroplast DNAs. In both genomes the 16S and 23S ribosomal RNAs are encoded by duplicate genes situated at one end of the inverted repeat, while genes for the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase and a 32 kilodalton photosystem II polypeptide are separated by 55 kb of DNA within the large single copy region. The physical and genetic organization of these DNAs is compared to that of spinach chloroplast DNA.