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Related Concept Videos

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases00:58

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases

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RNA Polymerase (RNAP) is conserved in all animals, with bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic RNAPs sharing significant sequence, structural, and functional similarities. Among the three eukaryotic RNAPs, RNA Polymerase II is most similar to bacterial RNAP in terms of both structural organization and folding topologies of the enzyme subunits. However, these similarities are not reflected in their mechanism of action.
All three eukaryotic RNAPs require specific transcription factors, of which the...
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Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors01:52

Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors

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Certain biochemical processes, such as embryonic development and cell growth regulation, depend on the repression of specific genes. DNA binding proteins known as eukaryotic transcription inhibitors regulate the repression of gene expression in eukaryotes. The presence of these inhibitors at the required location and time in the cell is triggered by the presence of hormones and additional signals from other cells.
Eukaryotic transcription inhibitors usually contain two distinct domains, a...
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Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes02:42

Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes

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Transcriptional attenuation occurs when RNA transcription is prematurely terminated due to the formation of a terminator mRNA hairpin structure.  Bacteria use these hairpins to regulate the transcription process and control the synthesis of several amino acids including histidine, lysine, threonine, and phenylalanine. Transcription attenuation takes place in the non-coding regions of mRNA.
There are several different mechanisms used to attenuate transcription. In ribosome mediated...
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Bacterial Transcription01:53

Bacterial Transcription

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RNA polymerase (RNAP) carries out DNA-dependent RNA synthesis in both bacteria and eukaryotes. Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. So, transcription and translation occur simultaneously, on the same DNA template.
Transcription can be divided into three main stages, each involving distinct DNA sequences to guide the polymerase. These are:
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Transcription Initiation01:47

Transcription Initiation

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Initiation is the first step of transcription in eukaryotes. Prokaryotic RNA Polymerase (RNAP) can bind to the template DNA and start transcribing. On the other hand, transcription in eukaryotes requires additional proteins, called transcription factors, to first bind to the promoter region in the DNA template. This binding helps recruit the specific RNAP that can assemble on the DNA and start transcription.
The promoters and enhancers and their accessory proteins allow tight regulation of...
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Transcription in Prokaryotes01:28

Transcription in Prokaryotes

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Transcription is a highly regulated process that converts genetic information into RNA molecules. The transcription cycle is divided into three key stages: initiation, elongation, and termination, each driven by specific molecular mechanisms.Initiation of TranscriptionIn bacteria, transcription begins when the RNA polymerase core enzyme associates with a sigma factor to form a holoenzyme. For example, the E. coli sigma factor called σ70 forms a holoenzyme, which recognizes the -10 (Pribnow...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Analysis of Termination of Transcription Using BrUTP-strand-specific Transcription Run-on TRO Approach
12:12

Analysis of Termination of Transcription Using BrUTP-strand-specific Transcription Run-on TRO Approach

Published on: March 12, 2017

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DNA sequence required for efficient transcription termination in yeast.

K S Zaret, F Sherman

    Cell
    |March 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary

    A yeast mutation (cyc1-512) disrupts transcription termination, leading to altered CYC1 gene product levels and mRNA. This suggests polyadenylation is coupled to transcription termination in yeast.

    Area of Science:

    • Molecular Biology
    • Genetics
    • Yeast Biology

    Background:

    • The CYC1 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes iso-1-cytochrome c.
    • Proper transcription termination is crucial for gene regulation and preventing genomic instability.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • Investigate the functional consequences of the cyc1-512 mutation.
    • Determine the role of the 3' non-translated region in CYC1 gene expression and transcription termination.

    Main Methods:

    • Characterization of the cyc1-512 deletion mutant in yeast.
    • Analysis of CYC1 mRNA levels, size, and polyadenylation.
    • Investigation of transcription patterns in the CYC1 locus.

    Main Results:

    • The cyc1-512 mutation, a 38 bp deletion, reduces iso-1-cytochrome c and CYC1 mRNA levels.

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    Last Updated: May 5, 2026

    Analysis of Termination of Transcription Using BrUTP-strand-specific Transcription Run-on TRO Approach
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    DNAzyme-dependent Analysis of rRNA 2’-O-Methylation
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  • Aberrantly long 3' ends of CYC1 mRNA indicate failed transcription termination.
  • Converging transcription between CYC1 and an adjacent gene was observed.

    • Conclusions:

    • The cyc1-512 deletion impairs yeast transcription termination.
    • Polyadenylation may be coupled to transcription termination in yeast.
    • A conserved sequence in the 3' non-translated region might be involved in termination.