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Herpes simplex keratitis.

H E Kaufman, Y M Centifanto-Fitzgerald, E D Varnell

    Ophthalmology
    |June 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Primary herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) infection in rabbits offers protection against subsequent virulent strains. Virulence and host response to HSV-1 strain differences may influence human disease severity and recurrence.

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    Area of Science:

    • Virology
    • Immunology
    • Ophthalmology

    Background:

    • Herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) infection is common, yet only a small percentage of infected individuals develop clinical disease.
    • The severity and recurrence of HSV-1 related diseases, such as stromal keratitis and iritis, may be influenced by the virulence and antigenic properties of the infecting viral strain.
    • Existing treatments for herpetic disease include trifluridine, with newer, less toxic antiviral agents like acyclovir and BVDU under development.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the protective effects of primary avirulent HSV-1 infection against subsequent virulent HSV-1 infections in a rabbit model.
    • To explore the potential relationship between HSV-1 strain virulence, host immune response, and the development of herpetic stromal disease.
    • To review current and emerging antiviral therapies for herpetic eye disease.

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    Main Methods:

    • Avirulent HSV-1 strains were used to infect rabbits, followed by challenge with virulent HSV-1.
    • Observations included viral shedding, ganglionic colonization, and disease severity.
    • Literature review on HSV-1 strain characteristics, host response, and antiviral drug efficacy.

    Main Results:

    • Primary infection with avirulent HSV-1 reduced the severity of subsequent infections by virulent strains.
    • Avirulent HSV-1 infection prevented ganglionic colonization by virulent neurotropic HSV-1.
    • Differences in HSV-1 antigenicity may correlate with host responses leading to stromal disease.

    Conclusions:

    • Pre-existing avirulent HSV-1 infection can confer protection against severe outcomes of subsequent virulent HSV-1 infections.
    • Understanding HSV-1 strain variations and host immune responses is crucial for predicting and managing disease.
    • Novel antiviral agents like acyclovir and BVDU show promise for treating herpetic eye disease, potentially with synergistic effects when combined with other antivirals.