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[The cAMP system and bacterial toxins].

H Kather, K Aktories

    Klinische Wochenschrift
    |November 15, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary

    Bacterial toxins disrupt host cell signaling by targeting the adenylate cyclase cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) system. These toxins are classified as ADP-ribosyl-transferases or invasive adenylate cyclases, impacting cellular regulation.

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    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Cellular Biology
    • Toxicology

    Context:

    • Bacterial exotoxins significantly impact host cell physiology by interfering with essential signaling pathways.
    • The adenylate cyclase system, regulating cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels, is a key target for bacterial toxins.

    Purpose:

    • To review the mechanisms by which bacterial proteinaceous toxins affect the host cell adenylate cyclase (cAMP) system.
    • To classify bacterial toxins based on their mode of action on intracellular cAMP levels.

    Summary:

    • Bacterial toxins targeting the host cell adenylate cyclase (cAMP) system are categorized into two main groups: adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosyl-transferases and invasive adenylate cyclases.
    • ADP-ribosyl-transferases, such as cholera toxin and E. coli enterotoxin, possess A and B components. The B component facilitates cell binding, while the A component enters the cell to catalyze ADP-ribosylation of regulatory proteins within the adenylate cyclase complex.
    • Invasive adenylate cyclases, exemplified by toxins from Bacillus anthracis and Bordetella pertussis, directly enter host cells and are activated by calmodulin, a host protein.

    Impact:

    • Understanding these toxin mechanisms is crucial for developing targeted therapeutic interventions against bacterial infections.
    • This review highlights the diverse strategies employed by bacteria to manipulate host cell signaling pathways for their advantage.

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