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Lymphocyte enzyme activities in East African blacks: decrease in 5'nucleotidase and possible relation to

A G Levin, M Jones, D M Kirkham

    Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
    |January 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
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    African subjects with malnutrition and disease showed significantly lower 5'nucleotidase activity in lymphocytes. This specific enzyme alteration may stem from disease, malnutrition, or genetics, impacting immune function.

    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Immunology
    • Human Genetics

    Background:

    • Subcellular organelle marker enzyme analysis was performed on cryopreserved lymphocytes from East African individuals experiencing malnutrition and endemic diseases.
    • Previous studies indicated enzyme stability post-cryopreservation, with catalase being a partial exception.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate alterations in lymphocyte enzyme activity in East African subjects with malnutrition and endemic diseases compared to Caucasian controls.
    • To determine the specificity of any observed enzyme changes, particularly focusing on 5'nucleotidase.

    Main Methods:

    • Cryopreservation and microanalysis of subcellular organelle marker enzymes in lymphocytes.
    • Comparison of enzyme activities between 26 African subjects, 20 Caucasian controls, and 17 socio-economically distinct East African individuals.

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  • Functional studies of 5'nucleotidase to assess potential differences in enzyme characteristics.

    • Main Results:

    • A highly significant decrease in 5'nucleotidase activity was observed in African subjects compared to controls.
    • Activities of gamma-glutamyl transferase and other intracellular organelle enzymes did not differ significantly between groups, indicating specificity of the 5'nucleotidase alteration.
    • 5'Nucleotidase activity in high socio-economic status East Africans fell between the other two groups, not significantly different from either.

    Conclusions:

    • The specific decrease in 5'nucleotidase activity in African subjects warrants further investigation.
    • Observed differences may be linked to the immunosuppressive effects of infectious diseases and malnutrition, or potentially have a genetic basis.
    • These alterations could contribute to the pathogenesis of secondary immunodeficiency in the studied populations.