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Insulin--anti-insulin complexes.

I Folling

    Acta Endocrinologica. Supplementum
    |January 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary

    Guinea pig antibodies binding insulin form complexes of varying sizes, influencing their clinical effects. Different complex types, identified in insulin-treated patients, impact insulin metabolism and diabetes management.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Endocrinology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Antibodies (ab) binding insulin (ag) form immune complexes of different sizes.
    • Insulin acts as a bivalent antigen, potentially with multiple antigenic determinants.
    • The size and type of immune complexes can influence their biological activity and clinical relevance.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To model the formation of insulin-antibody complexes based on antigen-antibody ratios.
    • To investigate the in vivo behavior and complement-binding properties of different insulin-antibody complex types.
    • To explore the potential clinical implications of these complexes in insulin-treated individuals.

    Main Methods:

    • Proposed a model for insulin-antibody complex formation under varying conditions (antibody excess, intermediate, antigen excess).
    • Characterized complex types (C I, C II, C III) based on size and complement C1q binding.
    • Analyzed sera from insulin-treated patients for the presence of specific complex types.

    Main Results:

    • Observed that large C II complexes disappear more rapidly in vivo and bind complement factor C1q, unlike C I and C III.
    • Detected C I and C III complexes in sera from insulin-treated patients.
    • Lack of lattice formation due to insulin's bivalency may hinder precipitation.
    • Different complex types can affect calculations of antibody concentration and affinity.
    • Prevailing C II formation may correlate with increased insulin requirements, despite rapid clearance.

    Conclusions:

    • The type of insulin-antibody complex formed influences in vivo behavior and potential clinical effects.
    • Immune complexes can impact diabetes control by interfering with insulin metabolism.
    • Complement activation, primarily by C II complexes, and vascular trapping may contribute to angiopathy progression.

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