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Association of parainfluenza-3 virus with bovine macrophages and blood cells: an in vitro study
Abstract:
Bovine blood cells and peritoneal and lung macrophages were exposed in vitro to parainfluenza-3 (PI-3) virus. Residual nonadsorbed PI-3 virus (expressed in percentage of input virus) in the supernate of the various cell fractions 1 hour after incubation at 37 C was as follows: lung macrophages, 11%; peritoneal macrophages, 59%; monocytes, 26%; RBC, 14%; lymphocytes, 28%; and polymorphonuclear cells (PMN), 63%. Lung macrophages, monocytes, lymphocytes, and PMN were monitored over a 72-hour period for hemadsorption of chicken RBC. Hemadsorption increased for lung macrophages and monocytes, whereas it decreased for lymphocytes and PMN. Infective virus could not be recovered from PMN, RBC, lymphocytes, or monocytes for more than 24 hours after PI-3 infection. Recovery of infective PI-3 virus from infected peritoneal and lung macrophages extended over 4 to 8 days, respectively.
Insights
Bovine parainfluenza-3 virus (PI-3) infects various blood cells and macrophages. Lung macrophages and monocytes support PI-3 replication for days, unlike other bovine cells.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Virology
- Immunology
Background:
- Bovine parainfluenza-3 (PI-3) virus is a significant respiratory pathogen in cattle.
- Understanding the cellular tropism and replication dynamics of PI-3 is crucial for disease control.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the in vitro interaction of PI-3 virus with various bovine blood cells and macrophages.
- To determine the susceptibility and replication capacity of different bovine cell types for PI-3 infection.
Main Methods:
- Bovine blood cells and macrophages were exposed to PI-3 virus in vitro.
- Residual virus was quantified in supernatants after 1 hour.
- Hemadsorption and infective virus recovery were monitored over 72 hours.
Main Results:
- Lung macrophages and monocytes showed lower initial viral binding compared to polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) and lymphocytes.
- Hemadsorption increased in lung macrophages and monocytes but decreased in lymphocytes and PMN over 72 hours.
- Infective PI-3 virus was recoverable from lung macrophages (up to 8 days) and peritoneal macrophages (up to 4 days), but not from other cell types beyond 24 hours.
Conclusions:
- Bovine lung macrophages and peritoneal macrophages are permissive to PI-3 virus replication.
- Other bovine blood cells, including monocytes, lymphocytes, RBC, and PMN, are less permissive or non-permissive to sustained PI-3 infection.
- These findings highlight the differential susceptibility of bovine immune cells to PI-3, with macrophages playing a key role in viral persistence.