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Systemic acid-base disorders and intestinal electrolyte transport.

A N Charney, G M Feldman

    The American Journal of Physiology
    |July 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary

    Systemic acid-base disorders significantly impact intestinal electrolyte transport. Changes in blood pH and carbon dioxide tension alter sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate absorption and secretion in specific intestinal segments.

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    Area of Science:

    • Gastroenterology
    • Physiology
    • Renal Physiology

    Background:

    • Systemic acid-base balance disorders are known to affect intestinal electrolyte transport.
    • Previous research suggests the presence of intestinal mucosal Na+-H+ and Cl-HCO-3 exchange processes.
    • Acid-base variables influence other epithelial tissues.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of systemic acid-base disorders on intestinal electrolyte transport.
    • To determine how systemic pH and carbon dioxide tension (Pco2) influence sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate transport in the intestine.
    • To explore the mechanisms mediating these effects.

    Main Methods:

    • In vivo studies in rats (ileum and colon) and rabbits (ileum).
    • In vitro studies in rabbit ileum.
    • Measurement of net sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate transport.
    • Analysis of the impact of systemic acidemia, alkalemia, hypercapnia, and hypocapnia.

    Main Results:

    • Systemic acidemia and hypercapnia increased sodium and chloride absorption in the rat ileum and colon, respectively.
    • Alkalemia and hypocapnia decreased sodium and chloride absorption.
    • Net bicarbonate secretion varied directly with plasma HCO3 concentration in both segments.
    • The rat jejunum, rabbit distal colon, and gallbladder did not show altered transport in response to acid-base changes.
    • Cellular carbonic anhydrase, intracellular ions (H+, HCO3-, Ca2+), and calcium-calmodulin appear to mediate these effects.

    Conclusions:

    • Systemic acid-base balance significantly modulates intestinal electrolyte transport, particularly sodium and chloride absorption and bicarbonate secretion.
    • Specific intestinal segments (rat ileum, rat colon, rabbit ileum) exhibit distinct responses to altered systemic acid-base status.
    • Cellular mechanisms involving carbonic anhydrase and intracellular ion concentrations play crucial roles in mediating these transport alterations.

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