Muscle fiber termination at the tendon in the frog's sartorius: a stereological study

The force produced within skeletal muscle fibers is transmitted to the bone via a myotendinous junction. This junctional region was examined by light and electron microscopy in the sartorius muscles of three Rana temporaria. The muscle fibers tapered and inserted at an angle of about 25 degrees with the connective tissue fascia near the bone. The composition of the structures within the last 100 microns of the fiber was analyzed morphometrically. The T-system, terminal cisternae, and caveolae were the same as in the central region of the muscle fiber. However, the mitochondrial content was higher and the volume of longitudinal sarcoplasmic reticulum was lower than elsewhere in the fiber. The membrane at the end of the fiber had extensive villiform processes interdigitating with the tendon. The surface area of the membrane around the villiform processes was estimated with point-counting techniques and calculated from the stereological equations appropriate for partially anisotropic structures. The extra membrane involved in the myotendinous junction was about 32 times that of the cross-sectional area of the fiber. Part of this additional membrane contained specialized adherens junctions through which the contractile proteins of the muscle are anchored to collagen. The increased area at the myotendinous junction presumably provides greater mechanical strength than a flat termination. The high values of membrane capacitance and specific resistance measured electrophysiologically at the end of the fiber also can be attributed to the characteristics of the terminal membrane structure.