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Adaptation kinetics in bacterial chemotaxis.

S M Block, J E Segall, H C Berg

    Journal of Bacteriology
    |April 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Escherichia coli cells adapt to attractants by adjusting flagellar motor bias. This adaptation is proportional to the rate of change in chemical signaling, suggesting a feedback control mechanism.

    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Biophysics
    • Cellular Biology

    Background:

    • Bacterial chemotaxis relies on sensing and responding to chemical gradients.
    • Escherichia coli uses flagellar motors for motility, switching between clockwise (CW) and counterclockwise (CCW) rotation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the dynamic response of bacterial flagellar motors to changing attractant concentrations.
    • To elucidate the adaptation mechanism in Escherichia coli chemotaxis.

    Main Methods:

    • Tethering single Escherichia coli cells to a surface via a flagellum.
    • Exposing cells to controlled, rapidly changing concentrations of the attractant alpha-methyl-DL-aspartate.
    • Analyzing flagellar motor rotational bias and interval distributions.

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    Main Results:

    • Flagellar motor rotational bias rapidly shifted to a higher, stable level in response to increasing attractant levels.
    • The magnitude of this bias shift correlated with the rate of change in attractant concentration.
    • Rotation interval distributions were exponential, supporting a first-order rate constant model for state transitions.

    Conclusions:

    • Bacterial adaptation to chemical signals involves a proportional control system.
    • The flagellar motor's response is regulated by an error signal based on recent past signaling.
    • This mechanism allows bacteria to effectively navigate chemical landscapes.