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Cell-mediated mutagenesis of Chinese hamster V79 cells and Salmonella typhimurium
Abstract:
In the cell-mediated approach, intact cells metabolically activate the chemical and the genetic end points are measured in cocultivated or coincubated target cells. Cell-mediated systems have been used to study fundamental problems in carcinogenesis, such as organ and species specificity of carcinogen activation, and in screening for carcinogenic chemicals. In the studies discussed here, cells from various rat, hamster, or bovine tissues are used to metabolically activate the chemical, and mutation and/or SCE induction in V79 cells and mutation of S. typhimurium are measured as genetic end points. The detection of genetic activity of a chemical depends both on the cell (organ, species, type, etc.) used for metabolic activation and on the genetic end point measured. Hydrocarbons and nitrosamines are two classes of environmentally significant chemicals that are sensitively detected with cell-mediated systems. The cell-mediated approach provides a valuable metabolic activation component for short-term in vitro systems, and further studies are needed to utilize and evaluate its full potential.
Insights
Cell-mediated systems use intact cells to activate chemicals, measuring genetic damage in target cells. This approach effectively detects carcinogens like hydrocarbons and nitrosamines, aiding in chemical safety assessments.
Area of Science:
- Toxicology
- Genetics
- Carcinogenesis
Background:
- Cell-mediated systems activate chemicals metabolically for genetic endpoint analysis.
- These systems are crucial for studying carcinogenesis, including organ/species specificity.
- They are also valuable for screening carcinogenic chemicals.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the utility of cell-mediated systems in detecting genetic activity of chemicals.
- To investigate the influence of metabolic activation source and genetic endpoint on detection sensitivity.
- To highlight the role of cell-mediated approaches in assessing environmental chemical risks.
Main Methods:
- Utilized intact cells from rat, hamster, or bovine tissues for metabolic activation.
- Measured genetic endpoints, including mutation and/or SCE induction in V79 cells.
- Assessed S. typhimurium mutation as a genetic endpoint.
Main Results:
- Detection of genetic activity was dependent on the cell source and genetic endpoint used.
- Cell-mediated systems sensitively detected environmentally significant chemicals like hydrocarbons and nitrosamines.
- The approach demonstrated value in assessing chemical genotoxicity.
Conclusions:
- Cell-mediated systems offer a valuable metabolic activation component for in vitro genotoxicity testing.
- Further research is needed to fully explore and optimize the potential of these systems.
- This methodology aids in understanding chemical carcinogenesis and safety.