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Ocular accommodation, personality, and autonomic balance.

V J Gawron

    American Journal of Optometry and Physiological Optics
    |July 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary

    The balance between the parasympathetic (PNS) and sympathetic (SNS) nervous systems may influence personality traits and visual focus. This review explores how autonomic balance relates to introversion, extraversion, and visual accommodation.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Psychology
    • Ophthalmology

    Background:

    • The autonomic nervous system (ANS) comprises the parasympathetic (PNS) and sympathetic (SNS) subsystems, regulating bodily functions.
    • ANS balance influences physiological states, from routine (PNS-dominant) to crisis (SNS-dominant) situations.
    • Visual accommodation, the eye's ability to focus, may be modulated by PNS (inward focus) and SNS (outward focus) activation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the hypothesis that personality traits (introversion/extraversion) are linked to the general balance between the PNS and SNS.
    • To explore whether this autonomic balance influences visual accommodation, potentially explaining personality associations with near-sightedness and far-sightedness.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing research on the autonomic nervous system, personality traits, and visual accommodation.
    • Analysis of studies linking introversion with PNS dominance and extraversion with SNS dominance.
    • Examination of research connecting visual functioning (near-sightedness/far-sightedness) with personality types.

    Main Results:

    • Introverted individuals are often characterized as near-sighted and linked to parasympathetic dominance.
    • Extraverted individuals are often characterized as far-sighted and linked to sympathetic dominance.
    • These correlations suggest a potential underlying autonomic balance influencing both personality and visual focus.

    Conclusions:

    • Autonomic nervous system balance may play a significant role in the interplay between personality traits and visual accommodation.
    • The observed associations between near-sightedness/introversion and far-sightedness/extraversion might be explained by a general PNS-SNS balance.
    • Further research is warranted to elucidate the precise mechanisms connecting ANS function, personality, and visual functioning.

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