Effect of IRM on human dental pulp

Area of Science:

• Dental Materials Science
• Biomaterials Engineering
• Restorative Dentistry

Background:

• Ionomer Reinforced Material (IRM) is recognized for its superior properties compared to conventional Zinc Oxide Eugenol (ZnOE) cements.
• Understanding the biological interactions and sealing efficacy of IRM is crucial for its clinical application.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the biotechnical performance of IRM, focusing on its sealing capacity and effect on dental pulp.
• To evaluate the in vitro and in vivo responses to IRM fillings in dental cavities.

Main Methods:

• In vitro assessment using enamel-dentin test bodies with IRM fillings to detect sealing insufficiencies via compressed air.
• In vivo study involving 44 premolars with IRM fillings, isolated from saliva using acid etch and composite resin.
• Histological examination of pulpal tissues at 1, 7, and 28 days to register changes like capillary dilatations and inflammatory cell presence.

Main Results:

• The in vitro tests revealed no significant leakage in most samples, with leakage comparable to traditional amalgam after extreme temperature cycling.
• In vivo observations showed mild pulpal changes, primarily attributed to the material's intrinsic properties rather than significant leakage.
• No evidence of biologically significant leakage was found, indicating effective sealing by IRM.

Conclusions:

• IRM exhibits a high degree of sealing capacity, crucial for preventing microleakage in dental restorations.
• The material demonstrates a favorable biological response, with minimal pulpal inflammation and no significant adverse effects.
• IRM is a viable restorative material with excellent sealing properties and a low risk of pulpal compromise.